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Friday 30 November 2012
tips to reduce stress and anxiety
By Carl Tuchy (2chi) Palmieri
Anxiety and Stress
Turn off anxiety with passionflower tea
? As effective as prescription anti-anxiety medications.
? The tea won?t make you feel foggy in comparison to many prescription drugs.
? The herb balances chemical receptors in the brain which causes a sedative effect easing anxiety.
Reduce stress hormones with breakfast
? If you don?t eat within an hour of waking, your level of stress hormones stays elevated all day.
? Cortisol and adrenaline build up overnight, waiting to be burned off when you eat breakfast.
Chill out by getting your hands dirty
? Bristol University researchers have evidence that gardening puts you in direct contact with healthy mycobacteria found in soil.
? Mycobacteria activate neurological receptors in the brain, triggering the release of serotonin.
? Just dig in the dirt without gloves to increase exposure to the friendly bacteria.
Shake off a.m. stress with scented soap
? A British study found that folks who inhale soap infused with rosemary and mint felt happier and energized.
? Compounds in the aromas enter the bloodstream and travel to the brain, where they boost its resistance to stress.
Fish oil reduces anxiety
? Ohio State University researchers found that those who took increased amounts of omega-3 fish oil supplements had a 20 percent reduction in anxiety levels.
? Findings suggest that if young people can get improvements from dietary supplements, then the elderly and people at high risk for certain diseases might benefit even more.
6 easy ways to outsmart anxiety
1. Sip a relaxing cup of tea
? Drink four cups a day and researchers say your production of the anxiety-triggering stress hormone cortisol will be cut by 47%.
2. Pop brain-soothing 5-htp
? 9 out of 10 people suffering from either panic attacks or generalized anxiety disorder felt significantly calmer while taking 50 mg.-100mg. daily of this amino acid.
3. Take sage for inner calm
? Taking 600 mg. of sage leaf extract daily increases mood-boosting brain chemicals, making you 11% calmer under stress.
4. Write away your worries in a diary
? Studies show venting pent-up feelings on paper for 15 minutes, three times weekly, reduces worry, anxiety, insomnia, and others, 30%.
5. Chill out with chili pepper
? A dash of capsaicin stimulates a rush of endorphins in the brain, steading nerves in 2 minutes.
6. Revisit the past to relax
? Harvard research shows recalling a relaxing experience prompts your body to produce more calming chemicals.
Feel less anxious! Navajo wisdom: Sand painting
? Because sand painting requires slow movements and careful precision, it creates a feeling of calm and serenity.
? Doing anything artistic lessens tension and boosts your mood up for up to 3 days.
Alkalize for Health - Saliva pH test
? Calcium and magnesium in balance are needed for proper conduction of electrical impulses in nerves and muscles. Taken together, they are mild neuromuscular relaxants and help promote sleep at bedtime.
Take two woofs
? When people talk to animals, their blood pressure decreases.
Feel less anxious with chamomile oil
? The aroma and chemical compounds of chamomile essential oil reduce anxiety and boost mood.
Mastering Anxiety
? 45 drops of passionflower tincture a day to 30 mg of oxazepam (Serax) both reduce anxiety.
? Hawthorn and California poppy are both subtly sedating.
? Using relaxing essential oils during a massage can reduce anxiety, possibly for two weeks after.
Let nature make you healthier
? Raindrops ease anxiety. Rain fills the air with negative ions, specially charged particles that enter the bloodstream and increase levels of the brain?s own calming hormone, serotonin.
Bird songs ease anxiety
? 26% drop in the blood pressure when listening to bird songs!
Sniff it to nix anxiety
? A whiff of basil will tame tension and mellow your mind in minutes.
Nix worries and anxiety
? Zinc is a key building block of dopamine, a brain chemical that halts blue moods, plus helps you stay calm.
Tame worries instantly
? Music soothes stress the best. Music releases tension instantly.
? A quick way to get your brain to relax is to relax your face.
? Massaging your temples helps you relax.
? Exercise ? ?I had a client that was going through a divorce and just felt stuck, so we did lunges together to get her moving forward.? If you exercise the physical reflection of what you want to do mentally, it will relieve anxiety.
? Spending 5 minutes outdoors will elevate your mood and lower your heart rate.
? Nuts contain stress-busting fatty acids, and it is proven biting into crunchy food relieves tension.
Anxious? Try these cures!
? Women who cut the number of times they check their e-mail in half reduced their anxious feelings by 50%.
? 30 seconds of intense activity such as mopping eases anxiety for an hour.
6 easy ways to turn off stress
1. Calming hibiscus tea is a proven blood-pressure reducer.
2. Rhythmic drumming is a proven way to even out stress levels.
3. 86% of people exposed to the sweet scent of flowers reported an increase of happiness and relaxation.
4. Deep breathing is a quick relief of pain and stress.
5. Passion flower extract reduces anxiety as well as anti-anxiety medications do.
6. Sipping kava tea 30 minutes before bed will help you relax and sleep.
Stress and your health
? Listen to your feelings, and admit to stress.
? Balance work and play, don?t do too much of either.
? A leisurely walk can bring inner peace and help put things in perspective.
Keeping calm
? Identify the major stressors in your life, and then take 5 slow and deep breaths.
? B vitamins and supplements found over the counter, taken once or twice a day in the morning can greatly reduce stress.
Beat stress and the blues
? Women who have 4 oz. of wine daily have 7% more leptin (a hormone that reduces anxiety) in their bloodstreams compared to none wine drinkers.
? Staying well rested boosts your brain?s ability to use leptin by 80%.
Help me stop worrying
? Plan ahead to prevent worries.
? Playing a game of poker tames anxiety by revving the parts of the brain responsible for concentration.
? Looking up at fluffy clouds helps short-circuit the racing thoughts associated with anxiety by drawing your attention to something slow-moving and serene.
Bye-bye, stress!
? Walnuts can calm adrenaline.
? Spending as little as 20 minutes talking to a friend cuts cortisol production by 63%.
Tame stress by turning on TV land
? Laughing at a favorite sitcom in a proven stress buster.
Oranges stop the stress-fat cycle
? Oranges help regulate the adrenal glands? output of cortisol (the stress hormone)
Add 19 years to your life
? Taking a short nap about 30 minutes long will make your more energized, and it zaps stress.
? When stressed, those who rocked in a rocking chair for 30 minutes daily were 30% less stressed.
Eat Melons
? Oatmeal, melons, avocados, broccoli, bananas, oranges, blueberries, skim milk, and yogurt all are stress-busting foods to eat.
Breakthrough stress-beaters
? When you have big responsibilities, painting a picture or drawing releases dopamine, which is a hormone that lowers anxiety levels.
Sidestep Stress
? Take the edge off with bubble wrap ? bursting the bubbles with your fingers is proven to be an effective way to relieve pent-up nervous tension.
? Researchers show stressed people feel significantly less overwhelmed within three months after taking up yoga.
One-minute
? Nodding your head up and down triggers a release of feel-good endorphins.
Stress-buster
? 2,000 full time workers reveal that gum-chewers say they suffer from far less stress and less depression than non-gum chewers.
Beat stress and anxiety
? Sleeping in on weekends eases stress.
? When speaking in a relaxed tone, subject?s anxiety levels dropped in minutes.
Add 19 healthy years to your life
? Yawning gives your lungs more oxygen, thus calming you down as well.
2-minute stress busters
? Ripping out weeds can cut anxiety levels by 25%.
Feel at ease by repeating yourself
? 75% of folks in stressful situations such as sitting in traffic jams were able to almost completely eliminate worry, anxiety, and stress by repeating a comforting mantra.
? Researchers have proven that conjuring up feelings of compassion not only calms stress immediately, but also reduces stress in the long term.
Stop stress in 30 seconds
? Inhaling the aroma of tangerine can kick-start GABA production in 30 seconds, easing anxiety by 26%.
Ketchup keeps stress in check!
? Ketchup is full of vitamin C, which reduces stress hormone levels.
(c Tuchy Palmieri 11/30/12
Author's Bio:?
Curriculum Vitae of Tuchy Palmieri
Education
? University of Bridgeport -- BS Marketing
? Post graduate courses at NYU
? Countless self study courses in health, religion, spirituality, self help, and personal growth.
? Attended motivational and spiritual workshops from Tony Robbins, , Werner Erhard, Justin Sterling, Zig Zigler, Wayne Dyer, M. Scott Peck, Deepak Chopra Carolyn Myss, Barbra Brennan, and others
? Training seminars The Sedona method, the Silva method, Neuro-linguistic Programming, Dale Carnegie?s basic and leadership courses.?
? Health and healing workshops -The Way to health at The Kushi Institute (Macrobiotic cooking method), Living lite (raw food course with meal preparation) Perfect Health at The Chopra Center (included Ayurvedic food preparation)
? Completed numerous readings and listening to audio tapes of programs from people such as Dennis Waitley, Norman Vincent Peale, Steve Covey, Thich Nhat Hanh, John Gray, Brian Tracy, Sam Shoemaker, And Og Mandino, Tony Robbins, Wayne Dyer, Scott Peck, Werner Erhard, Emmet Fox, and others
? Web information
Amazon.com search Tuchy Palmieri
Authorsden.com search Tuchy Palmieri
www.healing-habits.com
Accomplishments
? Certified Catholic Minister of the word having completed the two year Daystar Program, concluded in a Pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
? Founded, operated, sold, and then retired from a corporation in the computer sales and service, which employed 38 people in inner city.
1) Winner of highest award for achievement at the Dale Carnegie courses.
2) Conducted as retreat leader religion/spiritual 12 step orientation weekends.
3) Recipient of the Governor?s Award for Connecticut inner city Entrepreneurship.
? Upon Retirement, founded Healing-Habits a firm dedicated to helping people through the written and spoken word.
? Published and/or written 25 books in the genres of inspiration, motivation, spirituality, health, and religion
? A regular contributor to the AuthorsDen, under the Pen name Tuchy Palmieri consisting of Short stories, poetry and articles.
? Workshop leader on Goal setting/achievement, relationships, effective listening and relationships
? 40 years experience leading discussion meetings, seminars and workshops
? Mentored, ministered and sponsored numerous cross addicted people in recovery.
? Featured in a number of magazines, newspapers, and talk shows
? A regular participant in Author?s roundtables , and a guest on numerous spiritual and talk radio programs
Memberships
? 26 years as a leader and member of the local Sterling Institute of Relationship men?s team
? 25 years in 12 step programs related to relationships, food addictions, & substance abuse
? Annual participant in Matt Talbot and/or religious retreats at Holy Family Retreat house
? SIA - Self Improvement Association
? Member of the Better Business Bureau
Source: http://www.selfgrowth.com/articles/tips-to-reduce-stress-and-anxiety
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Jessica & Baby Maxwell Step Out After Pregnancy Rumors
Jessica Simpson, who's rumored to be pregnant, carries her daughter through the airport! Plus, see more photos of celebs spending time with their loved ones!
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Egypt Islamists hurriedly approve new constitution
Azza el-Gharf of the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party, second left, speaks with other members of the assembly during the vote on a final draft of a new Egyptian constitution in Cairo, Egypt, Thursday, Nov. 29, 2012. The assembly, overwhelmingly made up of allies of President Mohammed Morsi, abruptly moved up the vote which hadn't been expected to take place for another two months in order to pass the draft before Egypt's Supreme Constitution Court rules on Sunday on whether to dissolve the panel. (AP Photo/Mohammed Asad)
Azza el-Gharf of the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party, second left, speaks with other members of the assembly during the vote on a final draft of a new Egyptian constitution in Cairo, Egypt, Thursday, Nov. 29, 2012. The assembly, overwhelmingly made up of allies of President Mohammed Morsi, abruptly moved up the vote which hadn't been expected to take place for another two months in order to pass the draft before Egypt's Supreme Constitution Court rules on Sunday on whether to dissolve the panel. (AP Photo/Mohammed Asad)
The Islamist-dominated panel vote on a final draft of a new Egyptian constitution in Cairo, Egypt, Thursday, Nov. 29, 2012. The assembly, overwhelmingly made up of allies of President Mohammed Morsi, abruptly moved up the vote which hadn't been expected to take place for another two months in order to pass the draft before Egypt's Supreme Constitution Court rules on Sunday on whether to dissolve the panel. (AP Photo/Mohammed Asad)
Members of the constitutional assembly attend a session to vote on a final draft of a new Egyptian constitution in Cairo, Egypt, Thursday, Nov. 29, 2012. An Islamist-dominated panel began a fast-track vote on a final draft of a new Egyptian constitution Thursday, pushing through the document despite liberals' boycott in a move likely to stoke a deepening political crisis between the Islamist president and the opposition.(AP Photo/Mohammed Abu Zaid)
In this Friday, July 13, 2012 photo, Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi holds a joint news conference with Tunisian President Moncef Marzouki, unseen, at the Presidential palace in Cairo, Egypt. Egypt's Islamist president may look like he's running out of options as he faces an appeals court strike and massive opposition protests over decrees granting himself near absolute power. Will he back down now? Most likely not. Mohammed Morsi's next move may be to raise the stakes even higher. Signs are growing the constitutional panel at the heart of the showdown could vote on a draft this week despite a walkout by liberal and Christian members. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo)
CAIRO (AP) ? Islamists approved a draft constitution for Egypt early Friday without the participation of liberal and Christian members, seeking to pre-empt a court ruling that could dissolve their panel with a rushed, marathon vote that further inflames the clash between the opposition and President Mohammed Morsi.
The move advanced a charter with an Islamist bent that rights experts say could give Muslim clerics oversight over legislation and bring restrictions on freedom of speech, women's rights and other liberties.
The draft must now be put to a nationwide referendum within 30 days. Morsi said Thursday it will be held "soon."
The Islamist-dominated assembly that has been working on the constitution for months raced to pass it, voting article by article on the draft's more than 230 articles for more than 16 hours. The lack of inclusion was on display in the nationally televised gathering: Of the 85 members in attendance, there was not a single Christian and only four women, all Islamists. Many of the men wore beards, the hallmark of Muslim conservatives.
For weeks, liberal, secular and Christian members, already a minority on the 100-member panel, have been withdrawing to protest what they call the Islamists' hijacking of the process.
"This constitution represents the diversity of the Egyptian people. All Egyptians, male and female, will find themselves in this constitution," Essam el-Erian, a representative of the Muslim Brotherhood, declared to the assembly after the last articles were passed just after sunrise Friday.
"We will implement the work of this constitution to hold in high esteem God's law, which was only ink on paper before, and to protect freedoms that were not previously respected," he said.
The sudden rush to finish came as the latest twist in a week-long crisis pitting Brotherhood veteran Morsi and his Islamist supporters against a mostly secular and liberal opposition and the powerful judiciary. Voting had not been expected for another two months. But the assembly abruptly moved it up in order to pass the draft before Egypt's Supreme Constitutional Court rules on Sunday on whether to dissolve the panel.
"I am saddened to see this come out while Egypt is so divided," Egypt's top reform leader, Nobel Peace laureate Mohamed ElBaradei said, speaking on private Al-Nahar TV. But he predicted the document would not last long. "It will be part of political folklore and will go to the garbage bin of history."
A new opposition bloc led by ElBaradei and other liberals said the assembly had lost its legitimacy.
"It is trying to impose a constitution monopolized by one trend and is the furthest from national consensus, produced in a farcical way," the National Salvation Front said in a statement, read by Waheed Abdel-Meguid, one of the assembly members who withdrew.
Thursday's vote escalates the already bruising confrontation sparked last week when Morsi gave himself near absolute powers by neutralizing the judiciary, the last branch of the state not in his hands. Morsi banned the courts from dissolving the constitutional assembly or the upper house of parliament and from reviewing his own decisions.
Speaking in an interview on state TV aired late Thursday, Morsi defended his edicts, saying they were a necessary "delicate surgery" needed to get Egypt through a transitional period and end instability he blamed on the lack of a constitution.
"The most important thing of this period is that we finish the constitution, so that we have a parliament under the constitution, elected properly, an independent judiciary, and a president who executes the law," Morsi said.
In a sign of the divisions, protesters camped out in Cairo's Tahrir Square who were watching the interview chanted against Morsi and raised their shoes in the air in contempt.
The president's edicts sparked a powerful backlash in one of the worst bouts of turmoil since last year's ouster of autocrat Hosni Mubarak. At least 200,000 people protested in Cairo's Tahrir square earlier this week demanding he rescind the edicts.
Street clashes have already erupted between the two camps the past week, leaving at least two people dead and hundreds wounded. And more violence is possible.
The opposition plans another large protest for Friday, and the Brotherhood has called a similar massive rally for the following day, though they decided to move it from Tahrir to avoid frictions. Bands of youths have been daily battling police on a road leading off the square and close to the U.S. Embassy.
The Constitutional Court's announcement that it would rule on the legitimacy of the assembly was a direct defiance of Morsi's edicts. It will also rule Sunday on whether to dissolve the upper house of parliament, which is overwhelmingly held by Islamists. Most of the nation's judges are on indefinite strike to protest the edicts.
It is not clear what would happen to the approved draft if the court dissolves the assembly. The crisis could move out of the realm of legal questions and even more into the more volatile street, to be decided by which side can bring the most support.
The opposition is considering whether to call for a boycott of any referendum on the constitution or to try to rally a "no" vote, said Hamdeen Sabahi, a National Salvation Front leader who ran in this year's presidential race and came in a surprisingly strong third.
"The people should not be made to choose between a dictatorial declaration or a constitution that doesn't represent all the people," he told independent ONTV, referring to Morsi's decrees. "He is pushing Egypt to more division and confrontation."
During Thursday's session, assembly head Hossam al-Ghiryani doggedly pushed the members to finish. When one article received 16 objections, he pointed out that would require postponing the vote 48 hours under the body's rules. "Now I'm taking the vote again," he said, and all but four members dropped their objections. In the session's final hours, several new articles were hastily written up and added to resolve lingering issues.
"We will teach this constitution to our sons," al-Ghiryani told the gathering.
Islamist members of the panel defended the fast tracking. Hussein Ibrahim of the Brotherhood said the draft reflected six months of debate, including input from liberals before they withdrew.
"People want the constitution because they want stability. Go to villages, to poorer areas, people want stability," he said.
Over the past week, about 30 members have pulled out of the assembly, with mainly Islamists brought in to replace some. As a result, every article passed overwhelmingly.
The draft largely reflects the conservative vision of the Islamists, with articles that rights activists, liberals and others fear will lead to restrictions on the rights of women and minorities and on civil liberties in general.
One article that passed underlined that the state will protect "the true nature of the Egyptian family ... and promote its morals and values," phrasing that suggests the state could prevent anything deemed to undermine the family.
The draft says citizens are equal under the law but an article specifically establishing women's equality was dropped because of disputes over the phrasing.
As in past constitutions, the new draft said the "principles of Islamic law" will be the basis of law.
Previously, the term "principles" allowed wide leeway in interpreting Shariah. But in the draft, a separate new article is added that seeks to define "principles" by pointing to particular theological doctrines and their rules. That could give Islamists the tool for insisting on stricter implementation of rulings of Shariah.
Another new article states that Egypt's most respected Islamic institution, Al-Azhar, must be consulted on any matters related to Shariah, a measure critics fear will lead to oversight of legislation by clerics.
The draft also includes bans on "insulting or defaming all prophets and messengers" or even "insulting humans" ? broad language that analysts warned could be used to crack down on many forms of speech.
It also preserves much of military's immunity from parliamentary scrutiny, putting its budget in the hands of the National Defense Council, which includes the president, the heads of the two houses of parliament and top generals.
The committee has been plagued by controversy from the start. It was created by the first parliament elected after Mubarak's ouster. But a first permutation of the assembly, also Islamist-dominated, was disbanded by the courts. A new one was created just before the lower house of parliament, also Brotherhood-led, was dissolved by the judiciary in June.
___
Associated Press writers Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath contributed to this report.
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Busy Philipps, Taye Diggs to announce SAG Award nominations
NEW YORK (Reuters) - A young model was either insane, or a calculating, quick-thinking murderer who feigned mental illness when he killed and castrated his lover, a prominent Portuguese journalist, in their New York hotel room last year, a jury heard on Wednesday. No one disputes that Renato Seabra, 22, killed Carlos Castro, 65, in January 2011. Seabra pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity to a charge of second degree murder, and his trial reached closing arguments at Manhattan criminal court. ...
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/busy-philipps-taye-diggs-announce-sag-award-nominations-233046955.html
Eat your Way Around the World: Global Table Adventure
I had the pleasure of interviewing Sasha, of Global Table Adventure, who is making 195 meals, from 195 different countries in 195 weeks? Truly eating her way around the world with her husband (affectionately known as ?Mr. Picky?) and her the adorable, adventurous, almost 5 year old daughter Ava.
With gorgeous, tantalizing photographs (that you only wish were scratch and sniff!), her web site is part cookbook, part armchair travelogue, part video-culinary review by her daughter? whether you love to cook or you love to eat, this is an amazing educational experience in world cultures and anthropology from her kitchen to yours.
The genius behind the Global Table Adventure is Sasha Martin. Sasha spent several years as a child in both France and Luxembourg, and is now hoping to teach her daughter about other cultures through these culinary adventures. She had the idea to begin cooking her way around the world when Ava was only 7 months old and just beginning solid foods. Sasha admits that her husband is a bit of a picky eater, so as a family they decided to cook and eat dishes from every country in the world- in alphabetical order- as a way to exposing her daughter to different textures and spices and hopefully avoid finicky habits.
Thus the Global Table Adventure family project grew into a movement, that became a way to use food to open minds, and learn something quite nice about countries around the world. Sasha purposefully chooses dishes that are not too exotic (not?? la exotics of Andrew Zimmerman or Anthony Bourdain), but rather accessible meals that mix some familiar ingredients with new spices, or cooked in a different way.
Monday: Shares the recipes and reviews the meal from the previous country with videos of Ava trying the food.
Travel Tuesday: An overview of the country?s cuisine so readers can learn about popular foods and traditions.
Wednesday: The menu is revealed. Sasha often includes an appetizer, vegetable, main course, and dessert, or sometimes a drink or soup recipe.
Technique Thursday: Sometimes a video or recipe typical from that country, Sasha teaches you about a new ingredient or technique.
Fun Friday: Lots of fun facts, tidbits
In the last part of the interview, I asked Sasha her tips for parents who have picky eaters.
?It?s not about the food, it?s mostly about the texture or the format. Try chopping it up really fine or changing the presentation or cooking technique,? says Sasha. ?People don?t give their kids enough credit.? What she?s done for Ava is to set a couple of rules. First, everyone must always taste the dish- and it?s OK to admit when you don?t like it. When Ava?s scared to try something, Sasha explains ?It?s exciting to try it, but even mama doesn?t like everything.? She also debunks the myth that if you offer something 5 times, your children will begin to like it: ?Don?t give up! Five times is sometimes not enough.? When you?re kids do try something new, ?reward them with enthusiasm.? Finally, in Sasha?s house, what?s for dinner is what?s for dinner- no making pb&j every time your children don?t like something. This will just feed into their finickiness and discourage them from even trying new foods. Here are a few of Ava?s favorite foods, with links to their recipes on the Global Table Adventure page:
Caribbean Fry Bakes from Saint Lucia
Portuguese Tuna and Chickpea Salad
Grilled Kofta and Zucchini Sauce from Oman
Moroccan Lamb Tangine
Malaysian Coconut Sticky Rice Towers
Salvadoran Sweet Atole Drink
I cannot wait to follow in her global footsteps and start choosing recipes to try!!! I love her mission, and think that you will too:
You see, we create peace when we learn about each other ? when we understand one another.? But here?s the thing ? we can?t create peace alone; We must set a Global Table and invite everyone to sit down together as one family.
You can follow Sasha?s Global Table Adventures on her awesome web site, facebook page, or twitter. Browse through her recipes, and then let us know which you?d like to try!
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Thursday 29 November 2012
Jeff Zucker To CNN: Former NBCUniversal Chief Will Reportedly Head Time Warner's Cable News Network
By Peter Lauria and Lisa Richwine
LOS ANGELES, Nov 27 (Reuters) - Jeff Zucker, a former head of NBCUniversal and the producer of Katie Couric's talk show, will be named president of Time Warner Inc's ratings-starved CNN cable news channel, a source close to the situation said on Tuesday.
Zucker will succeed departing CNN Worldwide President Jim Walton, who said in July he was leaving the once-dominant news network after nine years in the job and a recent ratings slump.
The appointment of Zucker as the new president of CNN Worldwide will be announced by the end of next week, the source said.
CNN, founded in 1980 and now owned by Time Warner, has tried to hold the middle ground in its news coverage, a position that some blame for its ratings erosion, while ratings have risen for competitors Fox News and MSNBC, which blend news with opinion and political commentary.
Related on HuffPost:
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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/27/jeff-zucker-cnn-nbc_n_2201386.html
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Moral judgments quicker, more extreme than practical ones, but also flexible
ScienceDaily (Nov. 28, 2012) ? Judgments we make with a moral underpinning are made more quickly and are more extreme than those same judgments based on practical considerations, a new set of studies finds. However, the findings, which appear in the journal PLOS ONE, also show that judgments based on morality can be readily shifted and made with other considerations in mind.
"Little work has been done on how attaching morality to a particular judgment or decision may affect that outcome," explains Jay Van Bavel, an assistant professor in New York University's Department of Psychology and one of the study's co-authors. "Our findings show that we make and see decisions quite differently if they are made with a morality frame. But, despite these differences, there is now evidence that we can shift judgments so they are based on practical, rather than moral, considerations -- and vice versa."
"Our findings suggest that deciding to frame any issue as moral or not may have important consequences," said co-author Ingrid Haas, an assistant professor of political science at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. "Once an issue is declared moral, people's judgments about that issue become more extreme, and they are more likely to apply those judgments to others."
"Ultimately, the way that people make decisions is likely to affect their behavior," said co-author Dominic Packer, an assistant professor at Lehigh University. "People may act in ways that violate their moral values when they make decisions in terms of pragmatic concerns -- dollars and cents -- rather than in a moral frame. In ongoing research, we are examining factors that can trigger moral forms of decision making, so that people are more likely to behave in line with their values."
The study, which gauged decisions ranging from voting to saving for retirement to dating a co-worker, also included researchers from Ohio State University and the University of Toronto.
Millions of decisions are made every day -- which type of car to purchase, which restaurant to dine in, which company to invest in. But sometimes these decisions are made under a morality-based framework (e.g., purchasing a hybrid automobile because of our concerns about the environment) and other times we have practicality in mind (e.g., purchasing a hybrid automobile because of its fuel efficiency) -- even though we end up making the same decision.
However, less known are the differences between the nature of judgments based on morals and those driven by a practical, or non-moral, considerations.
To address this question, the researchers conducted three experiments at Ohio State's Social Cognitive Science lab in which they prompted subjects to evaluate a variety of decisions from either moral or non-moral (pragmatic) standpoints. In the first experiment, participants were presented with 104 actions, one at a time, on a desktop computer. Participants made moral evaluations for 52 actions using the keyboard, rating "how morally wrong/right it would be for you to" take a specific action, ranging from 1 (very wrong) to 7 (very right); they also made pragmatic evaluations for the other 52 actions, rating "how personally bad/good you think it would be for you to" take a specific action, ranging from 1 (very bad) to 7 (very good). Following each moral and pragmatic judgment, participants made universality judgments for the same action, rating "how many other people should" take a specific action (1 = nobody to 7 = everybody).
Actions to be evaluated morally versus pragmatically were randomly assigned within participants. Each action was equally likely to be evaluated according to moral or pragmatic standards. This ensured that any differences between moral and pragmatic evaluations were not due to the specific actions, but, rather, to differences in moral versus pragmatic evaluation.
Their results showed that morality-based decisions were made significantly faster than non-morality ones and that the decisions with a moral underpinning were more extreme -- they rated, on a 1 to 7 scale, moral decisions more extremely than they did pragmatic ones. In addition, subjects were also more likely to make universality judgments under the moral-decision frame than under the pragmatic one -- that is, they were more likely to indicate that others should make the same decisions they did for judgments made with a moral underpinning.
But perhaps more significantly, the findings revealed flexibility in what we consider to be moral or non-moral decisions. The study's subjects were randomly assigned moral and non-moral judgments -- for instance, some were asked about if it is "morally right" to "flatter a boss with a lie" while others were asked if "how personally good" it would be for them to take such an action. Subjects had different responses to the same decision, depending on whether or not it was framed as a moral or pragmatic decision, indicating that how we view a particular decision (buying organic food, reporting a crime) may be malleable.
This research was supported by grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the John Templeton Foundation, and the National Science Foundation (BCS-0819250).
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by New York University, via Newswise.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
- Jay J. Van Bavel, Dominic J. Packer, Ingrid Johnsen Haas, William A. Cunningham. The Importance of Moral Construal: Moral versus Non-Moral Construal Elicits Faster, More Extreme, Universal Evaluations of the Same Actions. PLoS ONE, 2012; 7 (11): e48693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048693
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
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Wednesday 28 November 2012
Anti-Tax Advocate Stands by 'No Tax Hike' Pledge - Finance - CBN ...
WASHINGTON -- As the nation moves ever closer to the Jan. 1 fiscal cliff, President Obama continues to blame Republicans for blocking the bill that would stop tax hikes and spending cuts from taking effect.
"Democrats in the House are ready to sign that same bill today," the president said. "If we can get a few House Republicans to agree as well, I'll sign this bill as soon as Congress sends it my way."
"I have to repeat, I have a pen. I'm ready to sign it," he reiterated.?
Meanwhile, anti-tax advocate Grover Norquist is still taking heat for the Taxpayer Protection Pledge he came up with years ago that almost every single Republican lawmaker has signed.
But at a question-and-answer session sponsored by Politico, he wouldn't back down from his stance that government doesn't need new tax hikes.
"The government's too big now," he said. "We don't want it to get any bigger. Why would you give it more money to get bigger? All the effort by Obama to raise taxes is to expand government."
As for some Republicans signaling they want out of the pledge, Norquist said that's just an odd way to look at a promise.
"If someone were to tell you they were pro-life or pro-choice, would you ask them, 'Is this for 18 months or a year-and-a-half? How long are you pro-choice?'" Norquist challenged.
"For as long as you're a congressman, you're telling someone who you are: 'I'm the kind of guy who's pro-choice or pro-life or won't raise your taxes,'" he said.
Norquist noted there's been no stampede away from the pledge, just a few murmurs.
"Over 90 percent of Republicans have taken the pledge. They've all kept it by the way, even with all this talk of 'somebody might break the pledge,'" he said.
He suggested they cave only if the Democrats sign off on huge spending cuts.
Source: http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/finance/2012/November/Anti-Tax-Advocate-Stands-by-No-Tax-Hike-Pledge/
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Scott Kelley: Longest space station sojourn will be test for Mars mission
NASA astronaut Scott?Kelly and Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko will spend an entire year aboard the International Space Station. The extended mission will help provide information about far-flung trips to asteroids and Mars.
A former space shuttle commander whose twin brother is married to former Rep. Gabrielle Giffords will attempt the longest spaceflight ever by an American.
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NASA astronaut Scott?Kelly and Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko will spend an entire year aboard the International Space Station beginning in 2015.
Both countries' space agencies announced the names of the two veteran spacefliers on Monday. The extended mission was approved almost two months ago to provide a medical foundation for future missions around the moon, as well as far-flung trips to asteroids and Mars.
Both men already have lived aboard the space station for six months. NASA wanted experienced space station astronauts to streamline the amount of training necessary for a one-year stint. Officials had said the list of candidates was very short. They will begin training next year.
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"Their skills and previous experience aboard the space station align with the mission's requirements," Bill Gerstenmaier, head of human exploration for NASA, said in a statement. "The one-year increment will expand the bounds of how we live and work in space and will increase our knowledge regarding the effects of microgravity on humans as we prepare for future missions beyond low-Earth orbit."
Kelly's identical twin brother, Mark Kelly, retired from the astronaut corps last year and moved to Tucson, Ariz., his wife's hometown. The former congresswoman was critically wounded in an assassination attempt in January 2011, while Scott?Kelly was living aboard the space station.
NASA said neither crew member was available Monday to comment and that news conferences would be held next week to outline the mission.
Astronauts normally spend about four to six months aboard the space station. The longest an American lived there was seven months, several years back.
Russia, though, will continue to hold the world space endurance record.
Four cosmonauts spent at least a year aboard the old Mir space station. A Russian physician, Valery Polyakov, logged nearly 15 continuous months there in the mid-1990s.
Boris Morukov, head of the Moscow-based Institute for Medical and Biological Problems, Russia's main space medicine research center, told the Interfax news agency that communications and food rations for Kelly and Kornienko may be limited during their yearlong mission to better simulate interplanetary travel.
Kelly and Kornienko will launch aboard a Russian rocket from Kazakhstan. Americans must buy seats on Russian spacecraft now that NASA's shuttles have retired to museums, until private U.S. companies have vessels capable of carrying human passengers. That's still four or five years off.
Kelly is a 48-year-old, divorced Navy captain with two daughters. Kornienko, 52, a rocket engineer, is married with a daughter.
"We have chosen the most responsible, skilled and enthusiastic crew members to expand space exploration, and we have full confidence in them," Russian Space Agency chief Vladimir Popovkin said in the announcement.
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___
AP writer Vladimir Isachenkov in Moscow contributed to this report.
Copyright 2012 The Associated Press.
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Common drug increases deaths in atrial fibrillation patients
ScienceDaily (Nov. 27, 2012) ? Digoxin, a drug widely used to treat heart disease, increases the possibility of death when used by patients with a common heart rhythm problem ? atrial fibrillation (AF), according to new study findings by University of Kentucky researchers. The results have been published in the European Heart Journal, and raises serious concerns about the expansive use of this long-standing heart medication in patients with AF.
UK researchers led by Dr. Samy Claude Elayi, associate professor of medicine at UK HealthCare's Gill Heart Institute, analyzed data from 4,060 AF patients enrolled in the landmark Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) trial. This analysis was intended to determine the relationship between digoxin and deaths in this group of patients with atrial fibrillation, and whether digoxin was directly responsible for some deaths.
"These findings raise important concerns about the safety of digoxin, one of the oldest and most controversial heart drugs," said Dr. Steven E. Nissen, chair of cardiovascular medicine at the Cleveland Clinic. "Although considered obsolete by some authorities, digoxin is still widely used. A thorough review by the FDA is warranted to determine whether regulatory action is needed, including stronger warnings about the use of digoxin in patients with atrial fibrillation. "
Digoxin is extracted from the foxglove plant and it helps the heart beat more strongly, and at a slower heart rate. It is commonly used in AF patients and in patients with heart failure. However, it can be problematic to use successfully as there is a narrow dose range at which it is effective, and beyond which it can be dangerous.
Though digoxin has been used by physicians treating AF for decades, until now, there has been limited evidence demonstrating the effect of digoxin in patients with this condition. "Digoxin in AF patients has hardly been studied," said Elayi. "The main prospective randomised controlled trials available with digoxin were performed in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm, and routinely excluded AF patients."
The results of the analysis found that digoxin was associated with a 41 percent increase in deaths from any cause after controlling for other medications and risk factors. An increase in deaths occurred regardless of gender or the presence or absence of underlying heart failure. Digoxin was also associated with a 35 percent increase in deaths from cardiovascular causes, and a 61 percent increase in deaths from arrhythmias or problems with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat.
"Within five years of use, one additional AF patient out of six taking digoxin ? compared to those not on digoxin in the AFFIRM trial? will die from any cause," Elayi said. "One additional patient out of eight will die from cardiovascular causes, and one additional patient out of 16 will die from arrhythmias.
"This study calls into question the widespread use of digoxin in patients with AF, particularly when used for controlling AF rate in a similar way as in the AFFIRM trial," Elayi said. "These findings suggest that physicians should try to control a patient's heart rate by using alternatives such as beta-blockers or calcium blockers ,as a first line treatment.
"If digoxin is used, prescribers should use a low dose with careful clinical follow up, evaluate potential drug interactions when starting new medications, and monitor digoxin levels."
In addition, patients should also be aware of potential toxicity and see their physicians immediately in specific clinical situations, he said. For instance, if they experience increasing nausea, vomiting, palpitations or syncope, as those may precede arrhythmic death, Elayi added.
The researchers say that the mechanism by which digoxin increases deaths among patients is unclear. Deaths from classic cardiovascular causes -- whether or not they are due to arrhythmia -- can partly but not entirely explain it. This suggests there must be some additional mechanism that remains to be identified, said Elayi.
"Our study underscores the importance of reassessing the role of digoxin in the contemporary management of AF in patients with or without HF," concluded the authors in their paper. "There is a need for further studies of the drug's use, particularly in systolic heart failure patients and AF -- patients that would, in theory, benefit the most from digoxin."
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Kentucky.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/wSQvY1Y8Jwg/121127154220.htm
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#sci4hels - the `killer' science journalists of the future want your feedback
If you are a really regular, diligent reader of this blog, you may remember back in September when I announced a panel I have organized for the next year?s WCSJ2013. The eighth World Conference of Science Journalists, organized by World Federation of Science Journalists will be held in Helsinki, Finland on June 24-28th, 2013, and in that post I explained in great detail what the panel will be all about, what was my initial motivation for proposing that panel, and the systematic method I used to pick, out of dozens and dozens of excellent potential candidates, the four people who will travel to Finland and dazzle everyone there.
The session is:
The ?killer? science journalists of the future
The science media ecosystem has never been as big, as good or as vibrant as it is today. Many young writers are joining the ranks of veterans each year ? and they are good! Many of them have science backgrounds. They all write really well. And they are digital natives, effortlessly navigating today?s online world and using all the tools available to them. But some of them are going beyond being well adapted to the new media ecosystem ? they are actively creating it. They experiment with new forms and formats to tell stories online, and if the appropriate tool is missing ? they build it themselves. Not only can they write well, they can also code, design for the web, produce all types of multimedia, and do all of this with seemingly more fun than effort, seeing each other as collaborators rather than competitors. I?d like to see the best of them tell us what they do, how they do it, and what they envision for the media ecosystem they are currently building.
The panel will explore skills and attitudes needed to succeed in the emerging science media ecosystem and in building that ecosystem to be even better, more efficient, and having a broader reach. It will explore how to make the world better both for science journalism and for science journalists. We will explore what skills and attitudes are important for new, up-and-coming science writers to become successful and to help bring in a better science media world into being.
Different people have different goals. Some will be hired as staff writers or editors in specialized science media organizations, others in general-purpose media organizations, be it online, print, radio, television, or other types of media. Some will pool resources with friends and start new media organizations. Some want to become successful Public Information Officers for universities, institutes, companies, organizations of governmental entities. Others want to become successful as freelance writers. And yet others may want to become respected, popular science bloggers while keeping their other daytime jobs.
We will explore issues related to necessary technical skills, attitudes toward tasteful self-promotion, required levels and types of expertise, and more, both as advice to individuals, and as advice to science writing programs and journalism schools on how to upgrade their teaching philosophies to adapt to the 21st century.
The panelists are not waiting till June, though. They have already started, and will use the next seven or so months to discuss all of these issues in various ways. It?s not just what they will say during the 60 minutes of the panel, but also how they will do it ? show, not tell. This will not be a traditional series of droning talks with dreaded PowerPoints. As veterans of ScienceOnline conferences, they know how to make a panel dynamic, interactive and exciting. The panel itself is not all, it will be just the final highlight of months of discussion, and hopefully the discussions will continue after the panel as well, provoked by the panel.
First, make sure you visit, bookmark and regularly check the updates on the panel?s Homepage! The website will be active, continuously adding resources, tools, important links (including to the blog posts by all of us and reactions by others), and hoping to foster discussions of the topic. They may have other ideas as well, perhaps a Question Of The Week, some Google Hangouts, we?ll see.
If you are going to be in Helsinki at the WCSJ2013, we hope the website/blog will motivate you to attend our panel. It should also help you come prepared, so you can join in the discussion.
If you cannot be there, the discussions will occur ? and are already occurring ? online: before, during and after the panel, so please join in.
For now, follow our discussions on the website and our blogs, as well as on Twitter by searching for the hashtag #sci4hels. Also follow us on Twitter at @sci4hels and subscribe to our Twitter List. Also check out our Facebook page and our Google Plus page.
We?d like to hear from you. Science journalism students and professors. Editors at specialized science media outlets and at general media outlets. Founders of new media start-ups. Freelancers. PIOs and directors of internal communications. Bloggers. Researchers. People who entered the science journalism profession ?horizontally?, bypassing schools of journalism and going straight from science, perhaps via blogging, into the business. And most importantly the audience, the users of science content ? what do you like, what do you want, what do you expect?
We have already published several blog posts on the topic, gearing up toward the event. And we will collect those, as well as other relevant articles, on the Essential Readings page. These can be a good starting point for the discussion. See, for now:
Erin Podolak:
The Question of Code
Kathleen Raven:
Generalists and specialists can coexist
Erin Podolak and Bora Zivkovic:
The SA Incubator: Helping Hatch Science Writers Since July 2011
The SA Incubator, or, why promote young science writers?
Bora Zivkovic:
#sci4hels ? ?Killer? science journalists of the future ready to take over the world!
Beats vs obsessions, columns vs. blogs, and other angels dancing on pins
Nate Silver and the Ascendance of Expertise
The other kinds of expertise
Finally, in case you missed it back in September, let me introduce the panel again:
Organizer:
Bora Zivkovic
Bora Zivkovic was born in former Yugoslavia where he studied veterinary medicine and trained horses. He moved to the USA in 1991 and did his graduate research on circadian rhythms in birds at North Carolina State University. He is currently Blogs Editor at the Scientific American, where he manages a network of almost 60 top-notch science bloggers. He is also a Co-Founder and Director of ScienceOnline.com and the series editor of the annual anthology ?Best Science Writing Online? (formerly known as ?Open Laboratory?). In his spare time, Bora teaches Introductory Biology to non-traditional students at N.C.Wesleyan College. Homepage, blog, Twitter, ScienceOnline, Open Laboratory.
Moderator:
Rose Eveleth:
Rose Eveleth is a producer, designer, writer and animator based in Brooklyn. She switched from studying krill as a scientist to studying scientists who study krill as a journalist. Now she tries to explain sciencey stuff for places like The New York Times, Scientific American, Story Collider, TED-Ed, BBC Future, Smart Planet and OnEarth. She?s a regular blogger for Smithsonian Magazine?s newest online endeavor ? Smart News, and a part time editor of all things animated at TED Education. In her spare time she makes weird collages, bikes, and day dreams about hanging out with a pack of foxes. Homepage, blog, Twitter, Facebook page, The SA Incubator interview, Scientific American articles, Scienceline posts
Panelists:
Lena Groeger:
Lena Groeger is a journalist-designer-developer who builds data driven interactive web applications and graphics at ProPublica, an investigative news organization in New York City. She has a masters degree from NYU in science journalism, and is particularly interested in psychology and neuroscience. Homepage, blog, Twitter, ProPublica articles, new job announcement, Scientific American articles and blog posts, Scienceline posts.
?
Kathleen Raven:
Kathleen Raven is a freelance science and health writer based in Athens, Ga. She recently wrapped up a science writing internship at Nature Medicine in New York City. In May 2013, she will graduate from the University of Georgia?s Health & Medical Journalism M.A. program. Last year, she earned her M.S. degree there in conservation ecology. Homepage, blog, Twitter, Reuters Health articles, Spoonfull of Medicine articles, Scientific American articles, Scientific American blog posts, The SA Incubator interview, ScienceOnline2011 interview.
Erin Podolak:
Erin is a member of the narrative reporting team at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, MA in the United States. At Dana-Farber she concentrates on writing about basic science, clinical research and new technologies for several different types of cancer. Erin recently completed her Master?s degree in Journalism with a specialty concentration in science communication at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She also studied science writing at Lehigh University where she earned her Bachelor?s degree in 2009. Erin has held a variety of internships in journalism and communications, including a year of writing science news for the website of the journal BioTechniques. In addition Erin writes and manages her own blog Science Decoded ? one woman?s adventures navigating science and the media. Homepage, blog, Twitter, Incubator interview.
Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=bff249d698aca205133ef22a783ba279
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Tuesday 27 November 2012
Proposed religious exemption from health insurance mandate ...
Posted by Don McCanne MD on Monday, Nov 26, 2012
This entry is from Dr. McCanne's Quote of the Day, a daily health policy update on the single-payer health care reform movement. The QotD is archived on PNHP's website.
H.R. 6597
Rep. Judy Biggert and 57 cosponsors
November 16, 2012SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ?Equitable Access to Care and Health Act? or the ?EACH Act?.
SEC. 2. ADDITIONAL RELIGIOUS EXEMPTION TO HEALTH COVERAGE MANDATE.
(a) IN GENERAL.?Paragraph (2) of section 5000A(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
?(C) ADDITIONAL RELIGIOUS EXEMPTION.?
?(i) IN GENERAL.?Such term shall not include an individual for any month during a taxable year if such individual files a sworn statement, as part of the return of tax for the taxable year, that the individual was not covered under minimum essential coverage at any time during such taxable year and that the individual?s sincerely held religious beliefs would cause the individual to object to medical health care that would be covered under such coverage.
?(ii) NULLIFIED IF RECEIPT OF MEDICAL HEALTH CARE DURING TAXABLE YEAR.-Clause (i) shall not apply to an individual for any month during a taxable year if the individual received medical health care during the taxable year.
?(iii) MEDICAL HEALTH CARE DEFINED.?For purposes of this subparagraph, the term ?medical health care? means voluntary health treatment by or supervised by a medical doctor that would be covered under minimum essential coverage and?
?(I) includes voluntary acute care treatment at hospital emergency rooms, walk-in clinics, or similar facilities, and
?(II) excludes?
?(aa) treatment not administered or supervised by a medical doctor, such as chiropractic treatment, dental care, midwifery, personal care assistance, or optometry,
?(bb) physical examinations or treatment where required by law or third parties, such as a prospective employer, and
?(cc) vaccinations.?.(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.?The amendment made by subsection (a) shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by section 1501 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/thomas
H.R. 6597, the ?Equitable Access to Care and Health Act,? is a proposed amendment to the Affordable Care Act that would provide a religious exemption to an individual from a penalty for being uninsured, providing that the individual files a sworn statement, as part of the tax return, that ?the individual?s sincerely held religious beliefs would cause the individual to object to medical health care that would be covered? under health plans mandated by the Affordable Care Act.
If any medical care were obtained, that would nullify the exemption, and penalties for being uninsured would apply. Theoretically, that would separate those whose religious beliefs regarding abstaining from health care were sincere, from those who would submit a sworn statement merely to avoid the penalty while remaining uninsured. In actuality, even with such religious beliefs, individuals might find it difficult to refuse care in some instances such as major trauma.
If you check the list of cosponsors, you will see that this act does have very broad bipartisan support. It seems like a reasonable amendment, though it still doesn?t protect the rest of us from the costs of care that the person might receive when the medical imperative is greater than the religious conviction.
Is there a better way of doing this? Of course. Include everyone in a single national health program. Do not fund it based on medical need, but fund it through equitable, progressive tax policies. Under such a system, anyone can decline medical care for whatever reason, religious or otherwise (except if the person?s disorder constitutes a genuine threat to public health).
Should a person be required to pay taxes into a universal health care system? I can answer that by stating, as a pacifist, I vehemently object to paying taxes to fight wars. Yet I cannot be allowed the option of withholding my allocated tax assessment assigned to our nation?s military ventures. Nor can anyone be allowed to opt out of paying taxes for any public service that, through our democratic process, we decide to provide for the public good. That includes health care.
Source: http://pnhp.org/blog/2012/11/26/proposed-religious-exemption-from-health-insurance-mandate/
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Monday 26 November 2012
Leader's digest: A brief psychological profile of Adolf Hitler ...
Over the last few weeks I have been watching the television series The Dark Charisma of Adolf Hitler (here in the UK?s BBC2). Not only am I psychologically fascinated with one of the world?s most infamous dictators, but I?m also interested in the concept of ?charisma? (a topic on which I have actually carried out some research with Dr. Mark Shevlin, Dr. Mark Davies and Phil Banyard within academic settings ? see ?Further reading? section below). I?ve also made reference to Hitler?s alleged sexually paraphilic behaviour in my previous blog on coprophilia?(and I am going to cover this as a separate blog in the coming months).
In 2007, Dr. Frederick Coolidge (along with Felicia Davis, and Dr. Daniel Segal) published a paper in the journal?Individual Differences Research?examining the psychological profile of Adolf Hitler. The study was based on Davis? Master?s thesis research and attempted to posthumously investigate Hitler?s personality. As Coolidge and his colleagues note: ?The name Adolf Hitler conjures-up images of a madman in power, Nazi concentration camps in Germany and Europe, and an evil of such magnitude that millions of Jewish people and others were subjected to unimaginable torture, terror and death?. The paper also made references to previous psychological profiles of Hitler. For instance, they summarized the work of psychoanalysts Dr. Walter Langer and Dr. Henry Murray who both assessed Hitler for the US?Office of Strategic Services during World War II:
?Using sources only available up until 1943, Langer diagnosed Hitler as a neurotic bordering on psychotic with a messiah complex, masochistic tendencies, strong sexual perversions, and a high likelihood of homosexuality. He also stated that Hitler had many schizophrenic tendencies and that the most plausible outcome for Hitler would be that he would commit suicide?Murray thought Hitler exhibited all the classic symptoms of schizophrenia including paranoia and hypersensitivity, panic attacks, irrational jealousy, and delusions of persecution, omnipotence, megalomania, and ?messiahship?. Murray also thought Hitler was extremely paranoid and suffered from hysterical dissociation?.
The paper also makes reference to the work of Dr. J.D. Mayer published in a 1993 issue of the Journal of Psychhistory. Mayer proposed something he called ?dangerous leader disorder? and compared six world leaders (Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Saddam Hussein, Winston Churchill, Dwight Eisenhower, and George Bush Sr.) on three major categories:
?(1) indifference, manifested by murdering rivals, members of one?s family, citizens, and genocide, (2) intolerance, manifested by censoring the press, secret police, and condoning torture, and (3) grandiosity, manifested by seeing oneself as a ?uniter? of people, increases in military and overestimation of military power, identification with religion/nationalism, and promulgating a grand plan?He found, of course, that Hitler, Stalin, and Hussein all met far more of the criteria than their counterparts, although a ?promulgating plan? was characteristic of all six leaders?.
The study by Coolidge and colleagues used the ?informant version of the Coolidge Axis II Inventory (CATI)??that assesses personality, and clinical/neuropsychological disorders. The CATI was completed by five historians (all of who were experts on Hitler ? ?academicians who had published books or articles about Hitler were chosen to evaluate Hitler?) and the inter-rater reliability between the responses of the five of them was high. The authors? hypothesized (before the experts filled out the CATI) that Hitler would be diagnosed with schizophrenia (paranoid type). They noted that:
?This hypothesis was based upon his frequent preoccupation with delusions of persecution (e.g., by his disapproving father, those unwilling to recognize his ?talents?, and Jewish protagonists), and grandiosity (e.g., fantasies of unlimited success and recognition, his ?prophesies?, etc.), hisearly academic / interpersonal / occupational dysfunction, [and] his extremely virulent and paranoiac delusions about Jews?.
The CATI is actually a whole battery of tests. Rather than miss anything out, the following paragraph sets out in detail everything that the authors included:
?The CATI is a 225-item self-report inventory with each item assessed on a 4-point true-false Likert scale ranging from (1) strongly false, (2) more false than true, (3) more true than false, to (4) strongly true. The CATI measures 12 personality disorders in DSM-IV and 2 personality disorders from DSM-III-R (self-defeating and sadistic). The CATI also measures selected Axis I disorders (e.g., Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Schizophrenia [with a Psychotic Thinking subscale] and Social Phobia [with a Withdrawal subscale]). The CATI also has a scale for the assessment of general neuropsychological dysfunction (with three subscales assessing Memory and Concentration Problems, Language Dysfunction, and Neurosomatic Complaints). The CATI also has an 18-item scale measuring executive function deficits of the frontal lobes (with three subscales assessing Decision-Making Difficulties, Planning Problems, and Task Completion Difficulties). There are five scales measuring personality change due to a general medical condition. They are Emotional Lability, Disinhibition, Aggression, Apathy, and Paranoia. There are three hostility scales measuring Anger, Dangerousness, and Impulsiveness. Finally, there is one non-clinical scale on the CATI measuring Introversion-Extroversion. In addition, critical items are included to assess drug and alcohol abuse, and sexual identity and orientation?.
The authors acknowledged that such clinical diagnoses should ideally be done face-to-face but given that Hitler died in 1945 this was not possible. The authors also note that the length of time since his death means that the number of people who are still alive and had social interactions with Hitler are very few. However, all of the expert informants had at least interviewed people who had known Hitler personally.
The results of the study found that on Axis I, the highest meanscores were for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Psychotic Thinking and Schizophrenia. On Axis II, the highest meanscores were Paranoid Personality Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Narcissistic Personality Disorder, and Sadistic Personality Disorder. In short, the hypothesis that Hitler would be classed as a schizophrenic was broadly supported (although other personality disorders scored more highly). The findings suggested there was little or no evidence for neuropsychological dysfunction. They also noted:
?It could, of course, be questioned whether someone with a schizophrenic disorder could rise to such a high position of power and control of others, given that schizophrenia is generally such a debilitating disease, particularly socially and occupationally. However, there are other documented cases of murderous schizophrenic persons who have had extraordinary influence on groups of others (e.g., Charles Manson, James Jones, etc.)?.
There are of course many limitations to the study including the reliance on expert opinion and small sample size. The authors also added that another limitation was the possibility of the five raters focusing on Hitler?s later life as opposed to his life before he became Germany?s Chancellor. Finally, the authors concluded that:
?The prediction, understanding, and control of such individuals? behaviors could benefit generations. As Mayer (1993) has noted, there are international citizens? groups that monitor human rights. Perhaps, an international group of mental health professionals could identify, assess, and monitor the activities of dangerous current world leaders, and the analysis of previous dangerous leaders, such as Hitler, might be a fruitful place to begin?.
Dr Mark Griffiths, Professor of Gambling Studies, International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
Further reading
Coolidge, F., Davis, F. & Segal, D. (2007). Understanding Madmen: A DSM-IV Assessment of Adolf Hitler. Individual Differences Research, 5(1), 30-43.
Coolidge, F., & Segal, D. (2007). Was Saddam Hussein Like Adolf Hitler? A Personality Disorder Investigation Military Psychology, 19 (4), 289-299.
Coolidge, F., & Segal, D. (2009). Is Kim Jong?il like Saddam Hussein and Adolf Hitler? A personality disorder evaluation Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 1 (3), 195-202.
Langer, W.C. (1972). The Mind of Adolf Hitler. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Mayer, J.D. (1993). The emotional madness of the dangerous leader. Journal of Psychohistory, 20, 331-348.
Murray, H.A. (1943/2005). Analysis of the personality of Adolf Hitler with predictions of his future behavior and suggestions for dealing with him now and after Germany?s surrender. A report prepared for the Office of Strategic Services, October 1943. Located at: http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/library/donovan/hitler
Shevlin, M., Banyard, P., Davies, M.N.O.? & Griffiths, M.D. (2000). The validity of student evaluations in higher education: Love me, love my lectures? Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 25, 397-405.
Shevlin, M., Banyard, P., Davies, M.N.O.? & Griffiths, M.D. (2004). The validity of student evaluations in higher education: Love me, love my lectures. In M. Tight (Ed.), The Routledge Falmer Reader Reader in Higher Education. pp.99-107.? London: Routledge.
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Sunday 25 November 2012
Bolt, Felix named IAAF World Athletes of the Year
BARCELONA, Spain (AP) ? Usain Bolt won the IAAF World Athlete of the Year award for the fourth time Saturday after defending his 100 and 200 meter gold medals at last summer's Olympic Games in London.
The Jamaican sprinter, who beat out American hurdler Aries Merritt and Kenyan runner David Rudisha, had previously won the award in 2008, 2009, and 2011.
"For me this is a great honor to win a fourth time. I really worked hard and I was really focused this year. This season was one of my toughest. I had my ups and downs, even though we don't like to talk about them," said Bolt, who thanked his coach and the fans at the Olympics.
"The London games were magnificent. Fans were there in the stadium from 10 in the morning. I had never seen anything like that."
Sprinter Allyson Felix of the United States took home the women's award.
In 2003, Bolt and Felix won the Rising Star awards for the most promising young athletes of the year.
"Nine years ago I was here with Allyson, now I am back, that means I am getting old, which is slightly worrying," said the 26-year-old Bolt. "But I will continue to work hard."
Felix won the 200-meter gold medal in London after settling for silver four years earlier in Beijing.
"My biggest defeats have come at the Olympic Games. After Beijing I was devastated, I had worked as hard as possible but I came up short," she said. "But I decided to rededicate myself even harder and it was a blessing in disguise. I was able to work harder than ever before and finally it all came together."
The other finalists for the women's award were New Zealand shot putter Valerie Adams and British heptathlete Jessica Ennis ? both gold medalists in London.
Merritt won the Inspiration Award for his season, which included a gold medal and a world record in the 110-meter hurdles.
Rudisha, who was named Athlete of the Year in 2010, won the Performance of the Year award for his record-setting gold medal run in the 800 meters.
Javelin thrower Keshorn Walcott of Trinidad and Bahamas sprinter Anthonique Strachan won the Rising Star awards.
The awards were announced on the final day of the IAAF's 100th anniversary celebration.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/bolt-felix-named-iaaf-world-athletes-143737704--spt.html
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